National Problems of Pakistan

Here we’ll write about the National Problems of Pakistan their: Causes, Challenges, Implication, Opportunities, and Solution / Policy Recommendations

1.     National Cohesion/ National Integration

  1. It is a process that units culturally and socially discrete groups into a territorial unit. In this way the established national identity is helpful to overcome the problem between central authority and subordinate political groups. In addition to that it links the government with governed. National Integration is a process to nation-building
  2. National building is constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state. Nation building aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically stable and viable in the long run.
  3. The early development of civil-society organization/ tolerant society
  4. The rise of a state capable of providing public goods evenly across a territory/ equal resource distribution
  5. The emergence of a shared medium of communication/language
  6. State-building- building infrastructure and the institutions of the state.

Causes:

  1. Centralized government Policies
  2. Non-Serious attitude of ruling elite
  3. Lack of leadership
  4. Unequal distribution of resources
  5. External support

Life cycle of ethnic conflict in divided societies :

  1. Pre-conflict stage
  2. State policy
  3. Mistrust
  4. Conflict stage
  5. Reformation of nationality
  6. External support
  7. Conflict escalate
  8. Secessionist moves

Implication / Challenges :

  • Disintegration of east Pakistan
  • Rise of ethnic politics in Provinces
  • Beginning of secessionist movement/ insurgency
  • Demand of new provinces
  • Lack of national integration
  • A useful tool for external enemies exploiting fault lines

Suggestions / Policy Recommendations

  1. Whole of government approach
  2. Inclusivity
  3. Self confidence & resolve
  4. Introspection & pragmatism
  5. Pro-activeness
  6. Prioritization
  7. Consistency

A.     Preserving our Identity

  1. Faster patriotism and social cohesion through national values and ethnic religious cultural and linguistic diversity
  2. Promote interfaith harmony and minority rights, and intellectual expression, creed, religion, gender or socio- economic standing

B.     Ensuring unity and stability

  1. A strong federation through democratic strengthening, political stability, consistent polices, and consensus on issues of national importance.
  2. Strengthen the federal nature of Pakistan’s structure by adhering to democratic Principles.
  3. Ensuring harmony among federating units and the territories of GB, AJK through prudent implementation at all

C.     Making Public service Responsive

  1. Good governance to strengthen the state-citizen contract by ensuring timely, equitable and effective delivery of public services.
  2. Promote devolution down to the local levels- local governance
  3. Ensure transparency and accountability, including through e-governance

2.     Economy (Securing Economic future)

Economic challenges:

  1. External imbalance
  2. Vertical inequalities
  • Horizontal inequalities

External Imbalance:

  1. Current account deficit
  2. Trade deficit
  • Fiscal deficit
  1. More imports than exports
  2. Lack of EDI ( Foreign direct investment)

Vertical inequalities:

(Inequalities among citizen)

  1. Socio-economic inequalities manifested in the gap between the rich and the poor
  2. Inequitable economic policies
  • Elite capture of policy.

Horizontal inequalities

(Inequality among regions)

  1. Removing disparities in economic development between various regions of the country
  2. Grievance based on under-development in various regions
  3. Growing migration to urban centers, created imbalances in local economics, and directly affected livelihoods

Implication / Challenges

  1. Big hurdle in exercising full spectrum sovereign choices in both domestic development objectives and international affairs – IMF, WB, FATF.
  2. Social unrest
  3. Political instability
  4. Exploitation by sub-nationalist element to generate a narrative of grievance
  5. Rural- Urban migration issues

Opportunities / Hopes/ Prospects

Growth & Development
  1. Increasing productivity of agricultural, industrial sector and information technology.
  2. Consolidation industry by encouraging scale and value addition
  3. Provision of digital connectivity
Trade, Investment and Connectivity
  1. Pakistan’s geo-strategic position as a melting pot of global economic interests offering economic bases to its partner countries for development partnerships.
  2. Bilateral and multilateral engagement with the aim of increasing Pakistan’s exports
  3. Pakistan’s prized geo-economic provides a unique opportunity through north-South and east- west connectivity for south and central Asia , the Middle East and the Africa
  4. Regional peace and stability in Afghanistan
  5. The China Pakistan Economic Corridor and other connectivity initiatives provide an opportunity to expand our export and industrial base while building economic relationships in our wider region
  6. Access to Indian Ocean
  7. Natural resource exploration, and wealth generation
Fiscal Management
  1. Government to generate revenues through a transparent, progressive and responsive tax regime
  2. Ability to mobilize revenues
Energy Security
  1. Maximize energy production based on indigenous resources based onshore and offshore energy exploration
  2. Increasing oil and gas storage capacity to meet emergency demand and provide a buffer against global market shocks is also necessary
  3. Wind energy
  4. Solar energy

 

3.     Defense & External Security

 

  1. Securing Borders
  2. Conventional Military Threats
  3. Strategic Stability
  4. Maritime Competition
  5. Hybrid warfare

Securing Borders:

  • The security of our Land, air, and sea borders along with space and cyber domains is paramount
  • The recent war against terrorism has highlight the role of military, paramilitary and law enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
  • To meet requirements of boards security.
  • Strengthen its aviation security protocols and expand maritime surveillance of coastal areas by investing in new technology to ensure security of airspace and the sea.
  • Pakistan’s airspace surveillance command and control for comprehensive air and maritime situational awareness.
  • Boarder disputes which continue to pose security threats, particularly along the Line of control and working Boundary with India.
  • Merger f the erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
  • Border fencing with Afghanistan.
  • Border Position with Iran.

Conventional Military Threats:

  • Indian extremist ideology led government military adventure in eastern border.
  • Indian project of military modernize action directly threats Pakistan-navy, army and air force.
  • Indian Investment in military modernization, directly related to Pakistan.

Strategic Stability:

  • Nuclear deterrence occupies a critical role in the security calculus of south Asia.
  • The expansion of India’s nuclear trial, open-ended statements on nuclear policy , and investment in and introduction of destabilizing technologies disturb the strategic balance in the region.

Maritime Competition:

  • Major power politics in Indian Ocean is fostering.
  • Multi-directional challenges in the maritime domain include: cyber intrusion and surveillance of sea lines of communication.
  • Ensuring freedom of navigation.
  • Protection against piracy.
  • Indian Naval modernization- Kawar Naval Base and Position of PN.

Hybrid Warfare:

  • Hybrid warfare is an evolving concept with expanding and blurring boundaries.
  • Various tools MPECI( military political economic civil information).
  • Hybrid threats against Pakistan Originate from states and their proxies as well as from non0state actors.
  • Cyber attacks and misinformation.

continue….

4.     Internal Security

 

5.     Foreign Policy in changing world

 

6.     Human Security

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